Perfect Participles
Sentences that contain participle phrases are commonly used
in spoken and written English but do you know there are different types of
participles?
Present participle phrases begin with verbs in the –ing form.
Having arrived at the beach, she ran towards the clear blue
water.
Past participle phrases begin with verbs in the past
participle form.
Burdened by her troubles, she decided to speak to a
counsellor.
Perfect participle phrases begin with two verbs: an
auxiliary verb (-ing form) and a main verb in the past participle form.
Having heard
|
Having seen
|
Having run
|
Having been told
|
Having been given
|
We use the perfect participle to emphasise that one action
was done before another action took place. The perfect participle is used to describe
the first action.
Having heard the
news, she leapt for joy.
Having worked the
whole day, she was exhausted.
We can rewrite these sentences.
She leapt for joy when she heard the news.
She was exhausted after working the whole day.
We can rewrite these sentences.
She leapt for joy when she heard the news.
She was exhausted after working the whole day.
Having been accused
of committing a crime, he tried to prove his innocence.
(passive voice)
Having been seen
by the reporters, the actress was forced to answer their questions.
(passive voice)
Here are some ways to rewrite the sentences above.
He tried to prove his innocence as he had been accused of committing a crime.
The actress was forced to answer the reporters' questions after she was seen by them.
Let’s Practise.
Fill in the blanks with the perfect participle form of the
words in the brackets to complete the sentences.
1.
_____________ (write) a story, she looked actively
for a publisher.
2.
_____________ (treat) for her illness, she vowed
to take better care of her health.
3.
_____________ (drive) to the supermarket several
times before, she was familiar with the route.
4.
_____________ (live) in this estate, she knew
the place well.
5.
_____________ (arrive) at the airport, she looked
for the taxi stand.
6.
_____________ (interrupt) several times during
the conversation, he frowned in annoyance.
7.
_____________ (choose) the course she wanted,
she submitted her application form to the university.
8.
_____________ (stop) the lorry, the police
officer asked the driver for his licence.
Answers:
1.
Having written
2.
Having been treated
3.
Having driven
4.
Having lived
5.
Having arrived
6.
Having been interrupted
7.
Having chosen
8.
Having stopped
Let’s Practise.
Rewrite the sentences using the
perfect participle.
1.
Ben was embarrassed. He was seen slipping on a
banana skin.
Having been
_________________________________________________________
2.
Cheryl learnt to cycle. She wanted to buy a new bicycle.
Having learnt
_________________________________________________________
3.
Timmy gobbled down his food as he had been given
a short time to finish his meal.
Having been
__________________________________________________________
4.
Zoe could not find her way about the town
because she lost the map.
Having lost
____________________________________________________________
5.
The children drank the milk. They ate the toast.
Having
__________________________________________________________
Answers:
1.
Having been seen slipping on a banana skin, Ben
was embarrassed.
2.
Having learnt to cycle, Cheryl wanted to buy a
new bicycle.
3.
Having been given a short time to finish his
meal, Tommy gobbled down his food.
4.
Having lost the map, Zoe could not find her way
about the town.
5.
Having drunk the milk, the children ate the
toast.
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